Spacing That Stops the Queue Three animals drinking at once is not a luxury in a group pen; it is the difference between a calm water point and a scramble. The drinking length here is laid out at 20 cm per dairy cow and 10 cm per beef animal, which is the spacing used when a trough is sized from ...

Made for the Milking Herd High-yielding cows lose minerals with every litre of milk. Sodium, magnesium and trace elements leave faster than pasture replaces them, and the first signs are not dramatic: a slight drop in intake, slower return to oestrus, more lameness than the year before. A block in ...

Air Movement at Building Scale Small propeller fans move air around themselves. A fan with a 1.83 m blade moves the air in the whole building. That difference is what makes this unit worth its frame: at 345 rpm the blade tips run a long way per revolution but slowly per second, so the fan shifts a ...

A Repair Clamp That Lives in the Toolbox, Not on the Shelf Fence breaks do not happen at convenient times. A bull leans on a strand, a mower clips a corner, a deer goes through at night. What decides how long the gap stays open is whether the person on the quad bike has a splice in their pocket that ...